简讯
2018年6月15日，为充分彰显亚吉铁路这张中非合作成果的靓丽名片， 驻非盟使团组织非盟委员会、联合国非经委等国际机构、近20个国家和国际组织驻埃塞俄比亚外交官及当地智库、学者和媒体记者等共80余人体验亚吉铁路火车和参访阿达玛工业园区，受到各方热烈欢迎。驻非盟使团团长旷伟霖大使等出席。
2018年6月21日，“中国国际关系学会2018年理事会”在苏州大学举行。国内四十余位知名专家学者以“改革开放以来的中国外交与世界”为主题展开了深入探讨。察哈尔学会秘书长张国斌出席会议并代韩方明会长宣读题为《“一带一路”倡议下的新型国际关系建构》的主旨发言。
2018年6月28日，由吉林大学公共外交学院、成均馆大学成均中国研究所共同主办的“第六届中韩公共外交研究论坛”在吉林大学举办。论坛的主题是“中韩关系：战略互信的构建与挑战”，来自韩国成均馆大学、韩国东国大学、中国国际问题研究院、延边大学、山东大学、黑龙江省社会科学院、吉林大学等中韩两国高校和科研机构的专家学者参加论坛。
2018年6月30日，由外交学院公共外交研究中心和北京对外交流与外事管理研究基地主办、上海国际问题研究院合办的第四届公共外交论坛暨公共外交能力建设学术研讨会在京开幕。为更好促进我国公共外交领域的学术研究并加强相关单位的沟通交流，外交学院公共外交研究中心自2014年起举办公共外交论坛。
2018年7月17日，主题为“中拉关系中的美国因素”的第十一届政治学与国际关系学术共同体年会察哈尔学会分论坛在京举行。分论坛由察哈尔学会研究员，中国政法大学比较法学研究院副教授、拉美和加勒比地区法律和公共政策研究中心执行主任潘灯主持。
2018年7月20日，由察哈尔学会和《公共外交季刊》编辑部联合主办的“改革开放与公共外交”研讨会在察哈尔学会秘书处会议室举行。研讨会由察哈尔学会高级研究员，《公共外交季刊》编辑部执行主任，中国传媒大学副教授赵新利主持。
2018年7月26日，察哈尔学会秘书长、中国前驻斯特拉斯堡总领事张国斌，学会副秘书长、半岛和平研究中心主任张忠义应邀到访和平与冲突研究中心暹粒办公室，并参加察哈尔学会与CPCS合作备忘录签约仪式。
2018年8月2日至4日，由中国现代国际关系研究院、美国“只有一个地球”智库（One Earth Future）、美国卡特中心（The Carter Center）联合主办的“中美非三方非洲合作论坛”在吉布提开幕。察哈尔学会国际咨询委员会委员兼秘书长、中国外文出版社发行事业局原副局长兼总编辑黄友义，察哈尔学会高级研究员、中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所首席研究员贺文萍代表察哈尔学会参加论坛。
2018年8月10日，察哈尔学会拉丁美洲研究中心宣布成立，中国拉丁美洲研究界泰斗、中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员、拉丁美洲研究所徐世澄研究员任察哈尔学会拉丁美洲研究中心主任。韩方明会长与徐世澄主任共同为学会拉丁美洲研究中心揭牌。
ABSTRACTS
Viewpoints
Lay a Solid Foundation of People-to-people Affinity for China-Africa Community of Shared Future
Han Fangming • 1 •
China and Africa have always been a community of shared future, with solid basis for cooperation and profound friendship between the peoples. Strengthening solidarity and cooperation helps China and Africa take advantage of the opportunities and meet the challenges together. To meet the needs of China- Africa cooperation in the new era, the author suggests paying attention to and consciously channelling China’s domestic, African and international voices and attitudes towards China-Africa cooperation. In conducting public diplomacy, it is important to illuminate Chinese characteristics, enhance top-level design, and apply specific cooperation method to different countries so as to strategically lay a solid foundation of people-to-people affinity in building a China-Africa community of shared future.
Special Topic
China-African Relations and Public Diplomacy
Public Diplomacy Plays a Key Role in Facilitating People-to-people Exchange between China and Africa
Cheng Tao • 4 •
The key to sound relations between states lies in the affinity between their peoples, which largely stems from mutual understanding. The merit of public diplomacy lies in communication of cultures, ideas and people’s feelings towards each other, thus contributing considerably to facilitating people-to- people exchange. The contribution of public diplomacy to the China-Africa communication in the past cannot be overlooked. This article illustrates the important role public diplomacy has played in China-Africa interaction from a practical aspect, and points out the favorable conditions of Chinese publicdiplomacy with Africa as well as the confronting challenges.
Contention among Major Countries in Africa and China-African Relations
Sun Haichao • 8 •
Africa plays an indispensable role in the world, and it is increasingly becoming a hotly contested spot where some major powers of the world are engaged in intense competition, as a result of multiple factors. Western developed countries, led by France and the U.S., are striving to strengthen their control over Africa for political and economic interests, and hence have a wary eye and aggressive tone on China-Africa practical cooperation. Nonetheless, the rapid development of China-Africa ties cannot to be stopped, as China’s unselfish assistance has won wholehearted praise from African countries, whose active participation in the Belt and Road Initiative reflects their aspiration to develop. China-Africa relations are essentially different from the relations between the Western countries and Africa.
Actively Carry out Public Diplomacy to Improve China-Africa Ties
Zeng Xianqi • 12 •
China-Africa Strategic Partnership composes an irreplaceable part of China’s Reform and Opening-up in the new era. Through decades of development, China- African relations have seen great achievement, attracting worldwide attention. This article lists the rich fruits yielded in China-Africa friendly communication in the fields of political mutual trust, economic cooperation, cultural exchange and collaboration regarding regional and international affairs. As China-Africa ties are moving into a new stage, the author analyzes the current problems facing China in its public diplomacy with African countries and offers some specific advice.
China-Africa Joint Building of the Belt and Road Requires Precise Synergy
He Wenping • 19 •
The Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in early September highlighted the “2018 Year of Africa” in China. The event had a series of profound and far-reaching results, the most important of which was the consensus that China and African countries agreed to construct an ever closer community of shared future, and that African countries shall actively support and take part in jointly building the Belt and Road. During the summit, a total of 28 African countries plus the African Union signed the memorandum of understanding with the Chinese government. With the addition of the nine countries that had signed prior to the summit, the number of signatory countries reached 37, making up 70% of all countries attending the summit. Chairman Xi’s opening speech and the summit’s outcome document indicate that China will push forward cooperation with Africa with greater strategic composure, greater confidence in development, stronger willpower and more development policy. Looking into the future, to incorporate the development of Africa into the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) requires more delicate and detailed planning, a step further from the “broad strokes” in the last five years. It is necessary to synergize the BRI with the UN “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” African Union’s 2063 Agenda, and development strategies of respective African countries.
Utilize NGOs Smartly for China’s Public Diplomacy with Africa
Long Xiaonong • 27 •
NGOs are important bodies in public diplomacy and represent “smart power” for international influence. With the maturing of African civil societies and the rising voices of NGOs and other social groups in political elections and public administration, China should capitalize on NGOs’advantage of being equal intermediaries in its public diplomacy with Africa, enhancing NGOs’role as major players in connecting Chinese governmental agencies and enterprises with African and even Western NGOs as well as other social groups and communities.
The Belt and Road Initiative Guides China-Africa Cooperation to Change the Global Economic Structure
Zhi Yuchen • 35 •
Inefficient momentum in economic growth and imbalance of development are the two main problems of African economy in the process of globalization. The Belt and Road Initiative provides a Chinese wisdom-based solution for African development. On one hand, the development of Africa gains impetus by referring to Chinese experience, making space for industrial transformation and to promoting new growth in African economy by taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative. On the other hand, the Belt and Road pushes Africa to re-balance in the global economic structure and promotes extensive sharing of growth achievement, which is helpful to the sustainable development of Africa. From the perspective of the Belt and Road Intiative, the building of China-Africa community of shared future has been moving forward, making China-Africa Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Cooperation a new model in international relations.
Multidimensional Feature of China-Africa Relations in the New Era
Qi Mingjie • 43 •
The Third Beijing Summit and the Seventh Ministerial Conference of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) which were held in Beijing recently gave directions to the cooperation between China and Africa amid the crucial phase of its transformation and upgrade on quality and efficiency. The achievments yielded by the event laid solid foundation for China-Africa relations to reach a new stage in the new era. Meanwhile, they clarified the multidimensional features of China-Africa relations on South-South cooperation, multilateralism, new form of international relations, sharing of same ideas and common aspirations and on the community of shared future.
The Role of Chinese Humanitarian Aids to Africa in Public Diplomacy
Liu Shiqi • 50 •
China has always been an important provider of humanitarian aids. As a crucial method of public diplomacy, humanitarian aids facilitate the development of China-Africa relations in the following aspects: reinforcing the public opinions foundation for developing China-Africa cooperation; creating better public opinion environment for China-Africa relations; and improving Chinese soft power. It is undoubtedly beneficial for China to provide humanitarian aids more actively in China-Africa cooperation.
Comments
Build the Capacity to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Public Diplomacy
Chen Xuefei • 56 •
Evaluation of the effectiveness of public diplomacy, as an indispensable part of public diplomacy projects, has yet been overlooked for a long time. The core reason is the numerous challenges it faces, such as long time span, vagueness and unexpectedness of results, criticism of invalidity, and low attention from the academics, which in all lead to resistance from practitioners of public diplomacy. All these hamper the development of evaluation methods and our effort to improve public diplomacy. We must strengthen our consciousness, and put more emphasis on developing the capacity by learning from others, so as to push forward the development of effectiveness evaluation capacity of public diplomacy.
Chinese Public Diplomacy Agencies and Organizations: an Overview
Zhao Xinli • 65 •
In recent years, theories and practices of Chinese public diplomacy are highly valued, as related research institutes, training organizations, advisory bodies, associations and other organizations have emerged, acting positively and yielding rich achievements. This article offers a systematic overview of research institutes, training organizations, advisory bodies, and associations related to public diplomacy and studies them from the perspective of agencies and organizations of public diplomacy.
Interview
Building Closer China-Japan Relations — Interview with Former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama
Zhao Xinli • 74 •
Former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama is a well-known Japanese statesman who founded the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and was elected Prime Minister of Japan in 2009. Friendly towards China, he actively promotes the healthy development of China-Japan relations. He is committed to building the “East Asian Community” and hopes to promote “benevolence” and “forgiveness” to the world through the “East Asian Community” to achieve economic prosperity and political peace and stability. In this issue of the Public Diplomacy Quarterly, we present an interview with former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, offering a chance to listen to his views and opinions on the East Asian Community and China-Japan relations.
Charhar Roundtable Meeting
China-Africa Relations and Public Diplomacy
Cheng Tao & Sun Haichao et al • 81 •
A seminar on “China-Africa Relations and Public Diplomacy” co-organized by the Charhar Institute and the editorial office of the Public Diplomacy Quarterly was held in Beijing on August 21, shortly before the 2018 Forum Summit on China-Africa Cooperation. Several Chinese former ambassadors to African countries and scholars attended the seminar. The participants agreed that China- Africa relations have withstood the test of time and changes in the international situation. A model of relations among developing countries, this relationship has been further consolidated and strengthened in the new era. This article has compiled some of the content of the discussion.
Case Studies
A Study on Military Public Diplomacy of the Republic of Korea
Liu Jiwen • 88 •
Public diplomacy, as a complementary form of traditional diplomacy, is playing an increasing role in the international exchanges between different countries. Military public diplomacy, which can be regarded as a dynamic combination of military diplomacy and public diplomacy, aims to improve the international standing and influence of the government and armed forces through diplomatic activities implemented by armed forces. With the aim to improve its international image and “repaying the kindness” of the international community, the South Korean Military has been actively participating in international peacekeeping and disaster relief missions, opening up great room for public diplomacy, which has helped South Korea to achieve more benefits in politics, military and other various aspects.
EU and the Belt and Road: Perception, Response and the Prospect of China-EU Cooperation
Wang Zhenling • 95 •
EU’s perception of the motivation and influence of the Belt and Road is generally positive, yet there are underlying concerns: first, EU believes China’s Belt and Road Initiative, though motivated mainly by internal factors, alleviates geopolitical pressure in the periphery and strengthen Chinese influence. Second, EU values the economic opportunities generated by the Belt and Road and approves its political implication outside the region, yet it has concerns regarding “market rules” and internal EU solidarity. EU’s response focuses on finding common ground, establishing institutional platforms and synergizing strategies. EU-China cooperation regarding the Belt and Road is promising, as the two sides share common interest in promoting trade and facilitating economic growth and political stability of countries alongside the route. It is suggested that China promote the cooperation with EU through cooperating with both EU and its member states, and also through carrying out other spillover cooperative activities with EU.
Diplomatic Gift in the Changing of the Mode of China’s Foreign Relations
Gan Tiantian & Song Lilei • 102 •
Diplomatic gift is not only a consequence of diplomatic relations, but also a result of exchanges between civilizations. Symbolizing friendship between different ethnic groups or nations, gift plays an important role in international interactions. As the mode of China’s foreign relations changed, the feature, purpose, and function of diplomatic gift have changed as well. This paper traces the history of China’s international status, its foreign relations and interactions with foreign countries from a unique perspective — imperial China’s tribute system that gave more gifts than those received, the kind of “gift-giving” based on request of “political aid” in the “treaty system” of modern times to “gift-giving” based on political equality in contemporary diplomacy after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This paper hopes to provide reference to the study of maintaining equality and improving friendly exchange in the years to come.
History
International Exhibition Projects in Reshaping the US International Image (1953-1960)
Yang Jianguo • 110 •
Cutting-edge industrial technologies were seen as the cream of the cropof the most valued, most visible “hard power” in the battle of overall strengthbetween the two camps during the Cold War. Likewise, prosperous culture and art were regarded as important manifestations of institutional superiority as well as national advancement. In addition, exhibitions displaying social lives were viewed showcases of “freedom and prosperity” enjoyed by people in the US. The Eisenhower administration advocated such “triumvirate” in planning international exhibitions to counter penetration of the USSR. The international exhibition projects directed by the US, with “American Dream” as the dream and the ideological core featured in two kinds: one on industrial achievement and scientific and technological advancement and one on arts and social lives. Despite the various variety and novelty, such exhibitions were all subject to the criteria and at the service of the paramount goals of countering USSR publicity and improving the US international image.
Book Review
Telling the China Story Through Media Diplomacy — Book Review of Media Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
Gong Xiaozhe • 117 •
Media diplomacy is a major part of public diplomacy. At present, with deepening globalization and enormous transformation of Chinese society, media diplomacy holds more and more importance for a growingly internationalized China. Media Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (Lu Jiayi, published by China University of Communication Press in July 2016) defines media diplomacy and presents a whole picture of its structure and communication elements from the perspective of communication studies. The book tries to set up a research framework corresponding to the three levels of media diplomacy, and also expounds on the four effects of media diplomacy. Through vivid case studies, the book analyzes the paradigm of studies on media diplomacy, therefore holding realistic significance for breaking the bottleneck in current research on public diplomacy and international communication.