ABSTRACTS

Viewpoints

To Carry Out Youth Peace Education Is an Important Task of China’s Cause of Peace Science Han Fangming •1•

Peace science consists three parts: peace studies, peace education and peace operation. China is an important participant and builder of the cause of world peace. But compared with European countries and the US, China has a big gap in the above three areas. Over the years, the Charhar Institute has actively carried out advocacy activities such as research, popularization and promotion of public diplomacy and peace studies, and Nanjing University has done a lot of work in promoting the science of peace and made remarkable achievements. At present, the increasingly complex and changeable international environment requires international actors to have peace thinking and literacy. In particular, China needs participants in international exchanges to have the vision and ability of world peace. Therefore, to carry out peace education, especially for young people, is an important task of China’s cause of peace science.

Special Topic: Public Diplomacy by Heads of Foreign States

An Analysis of Public Diplomacy Policies of the Macron Government in France Wang Shuo & Xue Yuhao •6•

Public diplomacy has a long history in France and has always been an important tool for France to enhance its soft power and expand its influence. Adhering to the Gaullist tradition since taking office, Macron has launched a series of public diplomacy actions in climate change, culture and education, public health, development assistance and other fields, hoping to enhance France’s participation in global affairs and revive France’s status as a major power through multi-dimensional public diplomacy policies. Macron’s public diplomacy policy is indeed positive, but it is restricted by France’s own strength, domestic politics, international environment and other factors, and its practical results are limited.

Brazil’s National Identity and the Characteristics of Head-of-State Diplomacy Promoted by the Lula Government Zhao Yixian •16•

Head-of-state diplomacy is an important catalyst and driving force of Brazil’s foreign policy. As Brazil’s three-time leftist president, Lula’s foreign policy is based on defending a multi-polar world order, shaping his country’s political autonomy in terms of development, and realizing a “great power dream” identity based on the concept of state and national self-esteem. In his current period of administration, although it will encounter domestic and international challenges, Brazil, as an important hub country that is good at using international rules and exerting soft power to expand its diplomatic influence, will further play its role as a key pivot in the context of China-US strategic competition.

Modi Government’s Diaspora Policy and its Public Diplomacy Sui Xuemeng •25•

India has the largest diaspora in the world and is also the largest recipient of remittances from overseas expatriates. The diaspora is an important “ strategic asset” of the Indian government’s foreign policy. Since coming to power in 2014, the Modi government has launched an active community-building diaspora policy to improve the systematization, digitalization, sustainability and crisis response capacities of its diaspora policy through multi-actor participation. The Indian government has also used Modi’s personal appeal and influence overseas to carry out the head-of-state diaspora diplomacy by personally participating in diaspora events around the world. The Modi government’s active diaspora policy highlights its foreign strategy, including transforming the political influence of the diaspora into a political shaping force, remittances into investments and relations with other countries into global networks. However, the Hindu nationalist tendencies of Modi and his BJP government, the diversity of the Indian diaspora, and the declining advantages of the Indian labor force have also limited the effectiveness of his policy.

Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s “Pro-People” Public Diplomacy Song Xiuju •39•

By spreading the concept of “ unity in diversity”, marketing Indonesia’s diverse economic and cultural resources, and promoting interfaith dialogue, Indonesian President Joko Widodo has presented an international image of Indonesia as a country of multiculturalism with rich historical, cultural and economic resources that promotes inter-religious harmony. Joko’s public diplomacy is characterized by making good use of personal media channels to communicate with people around the world, transmission of information through international conferences, and integration of public diplomacy and domestic governance. If his successor, the in-coming President Prabowo Subianto, wants to inherit and develop Joko’s public diplomacy, he needs to make breakthroughs in the narrative theme, highlighting Indonesia’s identity as a “ middle power”, domestic hard power construction, and coordination of domestic participants.

Summary

The Development of Global Public Diplomacy Research: Status Quo and Challenges Wang Lina •48•

Research and practice of public diplomacy are mutually reinforcing. In recent years, the extensive practice of public diplomacy in various countries has promoted the rapid development of related research. The study of public diplomacy has experienced the paradigm evolution from traditional public diplomacy to new public diplomacy, and has initially formed an embryonic disciplinary system including institutional construction, academic research and talent training. However, as a research field with blurred boundaries, the study of public diplomacy still faces challenges in its disciplinary orientation as well as theory and methodology construction, while its research topics are greatly influenced by the changes of the international situation, the progress of information technology, and the diplomatic practices of various countries. At present, public diplomacy has become an important way for major countries to compete for narrative dominance and shape their own favorable international environment. Diplomatic practice needs scientific and theoretical guidance to maximize the effect. Based on the existing academic achievements in the field of public diplomacy, this paper sorts out the current academic map of global public diplomacy and evaluates the status quo of public diplomacy research, in an effort to promote the construction of the disciplinary system of public diplomacy and serve the practice of public diplomacy in China.

Theoretical Research

Understanding the Four Aspects of China’s Public Diplomacy in the New Eras Wang Yiwei •60•

Entering the new era, China’s public diplomacy has ushered in a historic transformation of its main body, showing a new posture in purpose, rationality, approach and tactics. China’s purpose of public diplomacy in the new era is to build a community with a shared future for mankind; China’s rationality of public diplomacy in the new era is based on seeking common values of mankind; China’s approach to public diplomacy in the new era is to promote the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the “Three Major Initiatives”; and China’s tactics for public diplomacy in the new era is to build an independent diplomatic narrative, elevating constantly from “ seeking common grounds ” ( the Chinese Dream ) and “ differentiating differences ” ( socialism with Chinese characteristics ) to “contracting differences to achieve a higher common ground” (a community with a shared future for mankind).

Taking Agenda-Setting as the Lead to Complete the Role and Task Transformation of Chinese Social Think Tanks and its Approach———The Practice of Public Diplomacy by Social Think Tanks, and Some Reflections and Recommendations Tian Shichen & Zhuang Yuan •70•

Different types of think tanks have their own research priorities. In the context that China’s development has entered a new stage and its external environment is undergoing profound changes, Chinese social think tanks must adapt to the changes in the situation and tasks, and adjust their role positioning when conducting public diplomacy: First, focus on human development and security at the global level; second, focus on China’s participation in global governance at the China and world level; third, focus on the integration of domestic development and security at the national governance level. At the same time, this new change requires Chinese social think tanks to engage more in national and global agenda-setting as the main mode of work when carrying out public diplomacy. Finally, in order to complete the above transformation, the article puts forward five reflections or recommendations on strengthening the public diplomacy capacity building of Chinese think tanks.

Practice of Public Diplomacy

The Feasibility and Limitation of Public DiplomacyCarried out by Chinese Universities in the New Era Liu Xing & Zhao Hongyan •81•

Entering the new era, the major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has put forward a new guidance of cultural values, and the strategy of openingup education to the outside world has opened new opportunities for universities and colleges in public diplomacy, highlighting the advantages of Chinese universities in strengthening the cultivation of international talents in public diplomacy, the supply of intellectual resources, and as the main force for cultural exchanges. At the same time, Chinese universities are faced with external constraints from the hegemony of international discourse of the US and the West, and internal limitations such as more spontaneous actions than overall strategic coordination, and relatively insufficient motivation for the study of “ Chinese Paradigm”. Therefore, universities in China should take public diplomacy as a systematic project and make special designs in international cooperation and exchanges, promote public diplomacy under the function of think tanks, aim the training of top-notch talents at the effectiveness of public diplomacy, and cultivate more high-end talents for the expansion of public diplomacy to make the entity value of university in public diplomacy more prominent. The Role of Chinese-American Professional Associations in Diaspora Public Diplomacy—A Case Study of the Association of Chinese American Scientists and Engineers in the United States Wan Xiaohong & Lin Yueming •90• Taking the Association of Chinese American Scientists and Engineers in the United States as a research case, this paper analyzes the role of Chinese professional associations in public diplomacy on overseas Chinese affairs, and discusses its characteristics and limitations. With the dual nature of ethnicity and professionalism, Chinese professional associations play six roles in Chinese diaspora public diplomacy, including cultural exchanges, social service, rights and interests protection, knowledge enhancement, image shaping, and providing policy advice. With rich social resources, perfect organizational system and extensive support from both the Chinese and American governments, the association can continue to expand its influence in Chinese community and American society through the news media. Looking ahead, the Chinese-American professional associations can play a greater role in China’s public diplomacy on overseas Chinese affairs in the United States.

Vietnam’s “Bamboo” Diplomacy: Concept Connotation, Policy Representation and its Influence on China-Vietnam Relations Yue Shengsong •101•

Since the reform and opening up, Vietnam’s economic and social development has maintained at a high level for a long time, and its comprehensive national strength and regional influence have been continuously enhanced. Vietnam is also gradually showing a more confident appearance in the filed of diplomacy, and the independence of its foreign policy is constantly highlighted - the concept of “bamboo” diplomacy thus unveiled is a typical embodiment of this trend. Taking bamboo as a metaphor and using it as a concrete carrier to explain Vietnam’s national strategy reflects the basic consideration of Vietnam’s current decisionmaking elites to take the initiative to adjust its diplomatic strategy based on the evolution of the international situation and its own development orientation. China- Vietnam relations enjoy a profound historical foundation. To ensure the steady growth of China-Vietnam relations not only meets the respective strategic needs and common interests of the two countries, but also is an inevitable choice to maintain the ideological security of socialist countries and the stability of regional order. Given this, in-depth exploration of the origin, connotation and policy representation of Vietnam’s concept of “bamboo” diplomacy and analysis of its impact on China- Vietnam relations will help China deepen its understanding of Vietnam’s policy towards China, which is of great significance for enhancing bilateral mutual trust, strengthening policy coordination and communication, effectively managing differences, enhancing the resilience of China-Vietnam relations, and maintaining the overall relations between the two parties and two countries.

International Communication Capacity Building in Shandong Province: Development Process, Existing Problems and Improvement Path Jia Wenshan, Ma Fei & Yuan Mengchu •111•

With the iterative update of digital media technology and in the context of the country’s vigorous promotion of international communication capacity building, Shandong Province’s international communication capacity construction has ushered in a development opportunity. As one of the most comprehensively competitive provinces in China, Shandong is faced with an urgent and practical issue of how to obtain the international communication capacity that “matches with the comprehensive competitiveness of the province” and better serve the country’s external communication strategy. In recent years, Shandong Province has boldly explored local international communication methods and has made a considerable progress in this respect. This paper has found that Shandong Province has not only accumulated practical experience in international communication, but also encountered some problems, such as the international influence of platform matrix construction and cultural brands is still rather weak; the power of communication entities such as non-governmental organizations and private individuals has not been fully harnessed; and professional international communication talents are still scarce. Therefore, the following proposals are made to strengthen Shandong Province’s international communication capacity: 1) Deeply build a multimodal and all-media communication matrix; 2) Harness multi-party collaborative synergy to form multi-level discourse resonance with the same frequency; 3) Enhance the global influence of such brands as “Friendly Shandong”, “Hospitable Shandong” and “Marvelous Shandong”; 4) Make full use of its geographical advantages to form an open system of land and sea and with domestic linkages to the outside world; 5) Cultivate a sizable high-quality international communication talent team in Shandong.

Book Review

Mutual Respect and Appreciation Lead toShared Prosperity— A Book Review of Winning the Hearts and Minds: Public Diplomacy in ASEAN Wang Yinzhao •122•

Winning the Hearts and Minds: Public Diplomacy in ASEAN is a collection of essays on public diplomacy compiled by the Singapore International Foundation (SIF) on the occasion of its 30th anniversary, which draws on the experiences and insights of diplomats, stakeholders and academics to provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of public diplomacy in ASEAN countries. By country sequence, this book introduces how ASEAN countries’ practices in public diplomacy are rooted in history and oriented towards the future, painting a colorful picture in a changing era. The book further explores how member states balance diversity and unity to achieve an integrated ASEAN. This book contributes a lot of insights to understanding the practice of public diplomacy in ASEAN countries, and also provides a wealth of experience and inspiration for China to optimize the layout of its public diplomacy towards ASEAN countries and promote people-topeople exchanges between the two sides.